PRINCIPLES OF GEOINFORMATICS

PRINCIPLES OF GEOINFORMATICS
Group A
INTRODUTION TO SURVEYING 
Objectives, classification of surveys, Indian topographic series, map reading.
LINEAR MEASUREMENTS 
Distance measurements with chain and tapes, corrections to measured length, field survey by chains/tapes.
Compass surveying
True and magnetic bearings, local attraction, fore and back bearing, various types of compasses and applications, detail plotting, adjustment of compass traverse using graphical approach.
Levelling
Concepts of Geold, ellipsoid, MSL and level surface, methods of levelling, determination of height, booking of levelling operation, types of levels, sensitivity. of the bubble, trigonometric levelling, curvature and refraction effects. Contouring: Guidelines for preparation of contour m;1ps, methods of contouring.
Plane Tabling (PT)
Accessories in PT, methods of PT, re-section method , preparation of map.
Theodolites
Measurements of horizontal and vertical angles, differences in Vernier and microplic theodolites, methods of recording angles.
Errors and adjustments
Accuracy and precision, propagation of variance/covariance and adjustment of errors using observation equation and condition equation approach (matrix based solution).
Tacheometric surveys
Principle and basic system, subtense bar, various types of tachometers, plotting with tacheometers. Curves: Classification, elements of simple circular, compound, reverse, transition, vertical curves, setting of curves.
Group B
Triangulation
Purpose of triangulation and trilateration, classification, strength of figure, well conditioned triangle, triangulation figures, reconnaissance and station selection, intervisibility of stations, signal and towers, base lining, computation and adjustment in triangulation, satellite station.
EDM:
Principles and applications, instruments: Geodimeter, Tellurometer, Distomat, etc.
Digital Theodolites/Total Station/GPS
Principles and applications.
INTRODUCTION TO PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Comparison of serial photographs and topographic maps, definition of basic terms, perspective of near-vertical photograph, scale and coordinates from photographs, stereoscopy, parallel bar measurements, determination of heights, principle of radial line triangulation, assumption, limitations and errors.
INTRODUCTION TO REMOTE SENSING
Remote sensing system, data-acquisition and processing, EMR and spectrum, atmospheric windows, Interaction mechanisms, multi-concept, sensors and platforms. Interpolation of aerial photographs and satellite imagery and their interaction.

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